Physical design takes a verified netlist and turns it into a layout that can actually be manufactured, balancing timing, power, area and signal integrity against the constraints of a specific process node. It is deep, tool-intensive work, heavily dependent on Synopsys and Cadence flows and on scripting to automate them. The Indian market is concentrated in Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Noida, with fewer openings than verification but correspondingly less competition and strong pay for experienced engineers.